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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Sanskrit Buddhist literature ： ウィキペディア英語版 Sanskrit Buddhist literature Sanskrit Buddhist literature refers to Buddhist texts composed in classical Sanskrit or Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit. Sanskrit was the main language used by Indian Mahayana Buddhists and most major Mahayana sutras were composed in this language. ==Buddhist adoption of Sanskrit== While the earliest Buddhist texts were orally composed and transmitted in Middle Indo-Aryan languages called Prakrits; Sanskrit gradually became the main language of Buddhist scriptures and scholasticism in India mirroring its rise as political and literary lingua franca of the Indian subcontinent. This process began with the north-western Indian Buddhists of the Kushan empire (CE 30-375). The Sarvastivadin school wrote most of their Abhidharma texts in Sanskrit and many Mahayana sutras such as the Prajnaparamita sutra were composed in Mixed Sanskrit. The use of pure classical Sanskrit began with Asvaghosa (c. 100 CE), author of the Buddhacarita 〔Burrow, Thomas; The Sanskrit Language, page 62.〕 and one of the earliest Sanskrit dramatists. Major Buddhist thinkers like Nagarjuna. Dharmakirti and Vasubandhu also wrote in Sanskrit. Johannes Bronkhorst argues that the main reason for the Buddhist adoption of Sanskrit was that the language had become associated with political prestige and power which was sought after by Buddhist viharas.〔Johannes Bronkhorst, Buddhism in the Shadow of Brahmanism Handbook of Oriental Studies (Leiden: Brill, 2011), 46-47.〕 The increase wealth and size of Buddhist monasteries such as Nalanda meant that they required elite patronage, and knowledge of Sanskrit was a way to cater to and communicate with the more educated upper classes and royal courts of Indian rulers.〔Johannes Bronkhorst, Buddhism in the Shadow of Brahmanism Handbook of Oriental Studies (Leiden: Brill, 2011), 129.〕 Later Buddhists, like their Hindu counterparts, began to believe that Sanskrit was the one original holy language. The decline of Buddhism in India saw the loss of a large number of Sanskrit Buddhist texts. The use of Sanskrit as a sacred language survives in the Newar Buddhism of Nepal and thus the vast majority of Sanskrit Buddhist manuscripts were preserved by this tradition.〔Min Bahadur Shakya , A Short History of Sanskrit Buddhist Manuscripts, http://www.dsbcproject.org/manuscripts/short-history〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sanskrit Buddhist literature」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.